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Lysine Lactylation Antibodies

PTM BIO offers a suite of high-quality lysine lactylation antibodies to accelerate research into the role of lactylation in disease mechanisms.

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Lysine Lactylation Antibodies

Lysine Lactylation: Bridging Metabolism and Gene Regulation

PTM BIO, the original developer of lysine lactylation antibodies, has played a pivotal role in advancing research across cancer biology, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular disease. 

Their high-quality reagents have enabled scientists to explore the biological significance of this emerging post-translational modification (PTM) with precision and confidence.

The Role of Lactate in Cellular Function

Traditionally viewed as a metabolic byproduct of glycolysis, lactate has gained recognition as a key signalling molecule. 

In cancer cells, the Warburg effect describes a metabolic shift where glucose is preferentially converted to lactate, even in the presence of oxygen. 

This lactate accumulation contributes to a range of cellular processes, including lysine lactylation (Kla)—a PTM that links metabolic state to gene expression and immune regulation.

Mechanisms of Lysine Lactylation

Lactylation occurs when L-lactate or lactyl-CoA modifies lysine residues on proteins. Enzymes such as AARS1/2 can directly catalyse this modification, integrating metabolic signals into protein function.
Kla has been shown to:

  • Modify histones (e.g. H3K18), enhancing transcription elongation
  • Upregulate m6A-related enzymes like METTL3 and YTHDF2
  • Influence transcription factors and non-coding RNA expression
  • Alter protein structure and stability, such as stabilising β-catenin in prostate cancer cells
  • Maintain HIF-1α stability under normoxic conditions

Lactylation and Immune Modulation

In the tumour microenvironment, Kla affects immune cell behaviour, particularly M1 macrophage polarisation, by regulating gene expression. It may also influence other immune populations, such as tumour-infiltrating myeloid cells, contributing to immune evasion and tumour progression.

Additionally, Kla interacts with other PTMs—including acetylation and phosphorylation—to fine-tune protein activity and cellular responses.

Lactylation in Disease Research

Cancer

Lactylation has emerged as a key player in tumour metabolism, DNA repair, and chemoresistance. Initially identified in liver cancer cells, Kla is now linked to multiple cancers including gastric, prostate, and uveal melanoma, often correlating with poor prognosis.

Key studies:

  • Chen, H. et al. – NBS1 lactylation supports DNA repair and chemotherapy resistance (Nature, 2024)
  • Zhi Zong et al. – AARS1 lactylates p53, contributing to tumourigenesis (Cell, 2024)
  • Yang, Z. et al. – Lactylome analysis reveals metabolic adaptation in hepatocellular carcinoma (Nat Metab, 2023)

Neurodegenerative Diseases

Kla is abundant in the brain and influences chromatin dynamics and gene expression. Neural stimulation and social stress have been shown to modulate lactylation levels, with implications for behaviour and neuropsychiatric conditions.

Key studies:

  • Zhou J et al. – Astrocytic LRP1 suppresses ARF1 lactylation, aiding stroke recovery (Cell Metab, 2024)
  • Wang, X. et al. – Lactylation contributes to Alzheimer-like pathology via IDH3β regulation (Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2024)

Cardiovascular Disease

Lactylation plays a multifaceted role in heart health and recovery post-injury. It has been shown to:

  • Activate the TGF-β pathway, promoting cardiac fibrosis
  • Support early monocyte activation for heart repair
  • Regulate neuronal death in stroke via mitochondrial apoptosis

PTM BIO’s Lysine Lactylation Products

PTM BIO offers a comprehensive range of lysine lactylation antibodies designed to accelerate research into this dynamic PTM. These reagents are validated for key applications including:

  • Western blotting
  • Immunoprecipitation (IP)
  • Immunofluorescence (IF)
  • Mass spectrometry-based proteomics

Whether you're investigating cancer metabolism, neuroinflammation, or cardiovascular repair, PTM BIO’s antibodies provide the sensitivity and specificity needed to uncover new biological insights.

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