Poly-Dtech

 Bright-DtechTM is based on lanthanides nanoparticles.

Lanthanides are chemical elements with atomic numbers ranging from 57 to 71. In aqueous solvents, lanthanide ions typically exist in the +3 oxidation state (Ln3+), which is is the most stable in most cases. Each lanthanide element exhibits unique optical and magnetic properties. Today, lanthanides are primarily utilized as catalysts, magnets and are found in optical lasers, fibers and various electronics.

Nanoparticles are small objects measuring between 1 and 100nm and are used in various sectors such as healthcare, environmental preservation, and cosmetics among others. 

Based on lanthanides technology, Bright-DtechTM nanoparticles are 10-100x brighter than Quantum dots, which allow a more accurate detection and reduce detection limits.

The high efficiency of the nanoparticles and their ease of use will enable them to replace current fluorescent molecules developed in the 2000s, which offer only moderate performance.

With a large energy gap between the lowest excited state and the highest ground level, each lanthanide has a specific spectroscopic signature. The spectral range of lanthanides is large and they emit a strong luminescence:

• In the visible region Sm(3+), Eu(3+), Tb(3+), Dy(3+)
• In the near infrared region Nd(3+), Er(3+), Ho(3+), Tm(3+), Yb(3+)

Bright-DtechTM's brightness is based on 3 factors:

• Molar absorption coefficient: Capacity of a molecule to absorb at a specific wavelength
• Quantum yield: Number of emitted photons per number of absorbed photons
• Brightness: With the luminescent quantum yield and the molar absorption coefficient, the brightness can be calculated by following equation:

When a luminescent compound is excited, the excited state is populated and the return to ground state resuts in the emission of light. This de-excitation intensity decreases exponentially with time following the law below

Lifetime is the time a fluorophore stays in its excited state. Conventional fluorescent nanoparticles have very short luminescent lifetimes. Lanthanide nanoparticles have an exceptionally long lifetime, in the range of a millisecond. Long lifetime presents many advantages: low background noise, high intensity of emission, high sensitivity, accurate measurement.

1. Ultra-bright lanthanide nanoparticles Terbium-doped LaF3 nanoparticles, surface functionalized by photon-harvesting antenna ligands. Surface capping with antenna
   ligands leads to ultrabright nanoparticles, with the typical green luminescence signature
   of Tb atoms and very long excited-state lifetimes Joan Goetz, Aline Nonat, Abdoulaye
   Diallo, Mohamadou Sy, Ildan Sera, Alexandre Lecointre, Christophe Lefevre, Chi Fai
   Chan, Ka-Leung Wong, Loïc J Charbonnière Chempluschem. 2016 Jun;81(6):497.
   doi: 10.1002/cplu.201600117
2. Ultrabright Terbium Nanoparticles for FastELISA Biosensing and In Situ Imaging of
   Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors Design of a ligand that can be simultaneously
   applied as an efficient light-harvesting antenna for Tb surface ions and a strong binder of
   biomolecules to LnNPs surfaces. Cyrille Charpentier, Vjona Cifliku, Joan Goetz, Aline
   Nonat, Clémence Cheignon, Marcelina Cardoso Dos Santos, Laura Francés-Soriano, Ka-
   Leung Wong, Loïc J Charbonnière, Niko Hildebrandt Chemistry. 2020 Nov
   17;26(64):14602-14611. doi: 10.1002/chem.202002007
3. Live cell imaging without autofluorescence using terbium nanoparticles
   Application of a new type of surface photosensitized terbium NPs (Tb-NPs) for
   autofluorescence-free intracellular imaging in live HeLa cells. Combination of
   exceptionally high brightness, high photostability, and long photoluminescence (PL)
   lifetimes for highly efficient suppression of short-lived autofluorescence, enabling timed
   PL imaging of intracellular vesicles over 72 h without toxicity and at extremely low
   concentrations of Tb-NP for up to 12h. Joan Goetz, Marcelina Cardoso Dos Santos, Ka-
   Leung Wong, Loïc J Charbonnière, Niko Hildebrandt, Hortense Bertenlian Bioconjugate
   Chem. 2018, 29, 4, 1327–1334. doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00069

 Bright-DtechTM is available coupled to streptavidin, biotin, and IgG antibodies such as Anti-human IgG (H+L), Anti-Rabbit (H+L), Anti-Goat (H+L) and Anti-Mouse (H+L) 

 Yes, Bright-DtechTM can troubleshoot and even improve your detection issues encountered during protocol development. 

 Sometimes, it depends on the application. Contact us to know how to use Bright-DtechTM for your application. 

It is strongly recommended not to use PBS Buffer with Bright-DtechTM 

 Bright-DtechTM 545-Tb (Green) and Bright-DtechTM 614-Eu (Red) are the optimal choices for detecting small amounts of antigens. The ultrafluorescence of these nanoparticles significantly enhances sensitivity. 

 Bright-DtechTM kits include the conjugated nanoparticles and the dilution buffer. We can include FastELISA buffer on demand. 

 To read Bright-DtechTM emissions, a TRF-compatible microplate reader is required. While Bright-DtechTM can be used without this TRF module, its performance significantly improves with it. 

Yes, Bright-DtechTM can troubleshoot and even improve your detection issues encountered during protocol development.

These parameters depend on the measuring instrument and may vary. It's crucial to conduct experiments to determine the optimal combination. Feel free to reach out to us if you encounter any difficulties.

 Bright-DtechTM and all the components must be stored at 4 degrees celsius. 

 The shelf life of conjugated nanoparticles is around 6-12 months.