TGF-b1, Recombinant, Human, aa270-390 (Transforming Growth Factor beta 1, TGFB1) (Carrier Free)

Size

£652.00

SKU:: 167703
Molecular Weight:: 12.8
Purity:: ≥95% (SDS-PAGE). Endotoxin: <0.01EU/ug (LAL)
Storage Conditions:: -20°C
Supplier:: United States Biological
Format:: Supplied as a lyophilized powder in TFA, acetonitrile. No BSA added. Reconstitute with 50ul sterile 4mM HCl.
Extra Details:: TGF‑ beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF‑ beta superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure (1‑7). TGF‑ beta 1, ‑2 and ‑3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (1‑4). Each TGF‑ beta isoform has some non‑redundant functions; for TGF‑ beta 1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation (2). Human TGF‑ beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (8). A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N‑terminal 249 aa latency‑associated peptide (LAP) and a C‑terminal 112 aa mature TGF‑ beta 1 (8, 9). Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF‑ beta 1 remain non‑covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF‑ beta 1 complex (8‑10). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF‑ beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (9, 10). TGF‑ beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins (10). Mature human TGF‑ beta 1 shares 100% aa identity with pig, dog and cow TGF‑ beta 1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and horse TGF‑ beta 1. It demonstrates cross‑species activity (1). TGF‑ beta 1 signaling begins with high‑affinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF‑ beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF‑ beta RI (also called activin receptor‑like kinase (ALK) ‑5), or alternatively, ALK‑1. This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (3, 11, 12). Contributions of the accessory receptors betaglycan (also known as TGF‑ beta RIII) and endoglin, or use of Smad-independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGF‑ beta in different contexts (11). Recombinant protein corresponding to Ala279-Ser390 from human TGF-b1 expressed in HEK293 cells. Molecular Weight: ~12.8kD Biological Activity: Measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of HT‑2 mouse T cells. Tsang, M. et al. (1995) Cytokine 7:389. The ED50 for this effect is 0.04-0.2ng/ml Storage and Stability: Lyophilized and reconstituted products are stable for 6 months after receipt at -20°C. Reconstitute with sterile 4mM HCl. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

Shipping Conditions:: Blue Ice