4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE, HNEJ-1)

Size

£856.00

SKU:: 052418
Purity:: Purified by Protein G affinity chromatography.
Storage Conditions:: -20°C
Supplier:: United States Biological
Host:: Mouse
Immunogen:: 4-HNE-modified, KLH conjugated
Clone:: IG10
Format:: Supplied as a liquid in PBS, pH 7.2, 0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol.
Extra Details:: 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is a lipid peroxidation product that reacts with lysine, cysteine, or histidine residues in proteins.1 It is found in all tissues and serum, and the formation of 4-HNE-modified proteins is associated with oxidative stress. 4-HNE can ligate to and inactivate cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of cell proliferation and differentiation, increased intracellular calcium levels and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis. 4-HNE levels are negatively regulated by aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), and aldo-keto reductases (AKRs). Increased levels of 4-HNE protein adducts are found at the cell membrane, in the mitochondria, and in the cytosol during ferroptosis in vitro.2 4-HNE reduces mitochondrial oxygen consumption and membrane potential, as well as increases intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in vitro.3 4-HNE protein adducts increase in an age-related manner in the kidney, spleen, ovary, and uterus, but not the liver, in rats.2 4-HNE protein adducts are increased and GST levels are decreased in the brain of older mice in a Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, and increased levels of 4-HNE-modified proteins, including manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), a-enolase, and malate dehydrogenase, are found in the inferior parietal lobule in postmortem brain from patients with early Alzheimer's disease.4,5 HNEJ-1 has high affinity for 4-HNE modifications at lysine, cysteine, or histidine residues, whereas HNEJ-2-5 have varying affinities for lysine and cysteine adducts.6 Applications: Suitable for use in Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilutions: Western Blot: 1:500 Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): 1:100-1:200. Requires HIER using sodium citrate buffer pH6.0 prior to staining. Immunofluorescence: 1:100-1:200 Immunoprecipitation: 5-10ug/test Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.

Shipping Conditions:: Blue Ice